Fenilhidrazin

Phenylhydrazine is a simple hydrazine derivative that appears as a yellow borderline liquid/solid (mp 19.5 °C). It was first obtained in 1875 by Emil Fischer via reduction of benzenediazonium salt. Fischer used phenylhydrazine to form derivatives of glucose and other sugars, which was critical in determining their chemical structures. In 1883, Fischer also used phenylhydrazine to make derivatives of indole, a bicyclic motif of 8 carbons and 1 nitrogen that is pervasive in biology (eg. serotonin). The Fischer indole synthesis is still essential to making pharmaceuticals to this day. Phenylhydrazine is very toxic to the skin, causing dermatitis and hypersensitivity. If ingested it causes hemolytic anemia and liver damage.